Everything about The White Deer Grotto Academy totally explained
The
White Deer Grotto Academy (sometimes translated as
White Deer Cave Academy or
White Deer Hollow Academy) was located at the foot of
Wulou Peak in
Lushan, now in
Jiujiang,
Jiangxi province. It was one of the Four Great
Academies of China.
The academy had its beginnings as a place for the pursuit of learning by the
Tang Dynasty poet Li Bo (李渤 Lǐ Bó, d. 831, not to be confused with the more famous Tang poet
Li Po or Li Bai) when he was living in retirement. As Li Bo kept a white deer, he was known as the White Deer Teacher and the school premises themselves as the White Deer Grotto. Between the years 937—942, when the area was under the control of the
Southern Tang, a school was officially established here under the name "Lushan Guoxue" (庐山国学, meaning "Mount Lu National School").
In the early years of the
Northern Song dynasty, which began in 960, the Lushan Guoxue was transformed into an academy, known as the White Deer Grotto Academy. The academy was the recipient of imperial favour from the Emperor
Taizong (r. 976-997), who bestowed on it books and awarded official rank to the academy's head. However, it later fell into disrepair.
In 1179-80, during the
Southern Song dynasty, the academy was rebuilt and expanded by
Zhu Xi, later to become the most preeminent of the
neo-Confucianists. Zhu Xi, who was serving as prefect of Nankang Prefecture (now Nankang City), rebuilt the academy based on the layout of the
Temple of Confucius at
Qufu. The new academy opened its doors to students and scholars in 1180. It was involved in instruction, the collection and preservation of books, religious sacrifices, the development of curricula, and lectures by famous scholars, including such notable names as
Lu Jiuyuan,
Lü Zuqian, and later
Wang Yangming. The academy continued to flourish for eight centuries. The rules of the Academy as set down by Zhu Xi had a profound and lasting influence on the subsequent development of
Confucianism.
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